SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND COMPLETION RATES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA: THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF PARENTAL INCOME AND TAXATION
Abstract
This study adopted quarterly time series data from 1999Q1 – 2024Q4 and ARDL model to
examine the moderating effects of parental income and taxation on school enrollment and
completion rates among secondary students in Nigeria. It was revealed under school enrollment
that while personal income has positive significant influence, taxation showed negative impact.
The interaction term indicated that higher taxation significantly decreases the positive effect of
income on enrollment. Conversely, under school completion rate, higher income amazingly
showed significant negative effect, thereby suggesting the existence of opportunity cost of being
in school and/or labour market pull in the country. Interaction term revealed that taxation
moderates this negative income effect on school completion. Insecurity and cultural factors were
shown to be consistently discouraging both enrollment and completion rates among secondary
students in Nigeria. The study recommended that there is need for governments targeted tax
relief and policies that would encourage perceived value of educational enrollment and
completion.
This study adopted quarterly time series data from 1999Q1 – 2024Q4 and ARDL model to
examine the moderating effects of parental income and taxation on school enrollment and
completion rates among secondary students in Nigeria. It was revealed under school enrollment
that while personal income has positive significant influence, taxation showed negative impact.
The interaction term indicated that higher taxation significantly decreases the positive effect of
income on enrollment. Conversely, under school completion rate, higher income amazingly
showed significant negative effect, thereby suggesting the existence of opportunity cost of being
in school and/or labour market pull in the country. Interaction term revealed that taxation
moderates this negative income effect on school completion. Insecurity and cultural factors were
shown to be consistently discouraging both enrollment and completion rates among secondary
students in Nigeria. The study recommended that there is need for governments targeted tax
relief and policies that would encourage perceived value of educational enrollment and
completion.
Keywords: School Enrollment, Completion Rates, Secondary Students, Nigeria, Parental
Income, Taxation, ARDL model.
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